The 1903 Springfield .30-06 replaced the Krag-Jorgenson as the primary US rifle beginning in 1903 and served through WW I and WW II.  It is highly regarded for its accuracy.  It has a five-shot magazine that is fed from stripper clips.  Like a lot of military rifles of its era, it has a magazine shot off.  The thinking of the time tended towards well aimed shots from a single shot mode.  It was thought that anything else would result in a waste of ammo.  The magazine was to be used in cases of emergency.
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The 03's action is based on the Mauser design and, until the US entry into WW I, a royalty was paid to Mauser for the used of the design.
The 03 has a ladder rear sight, which while accurate, is not the greatest for getting off accurate quick shots in combat.
Jethro